Totalitarian Agriculture Essays - Population, The Story Of B

Extremist Agriculture The possibility of Totalitarian Agriculture is unnerving. Particularly considering the way that it is the specific sort of horticulture that is being utilized in each development aside from the staying inborn people groups of the world. I will attempt to characterize Totalitarian Agriculture here: ?As per a morals, trailed by each kind of animal inside the network of life, sharks just as sheep, Africanized honey bees just as butterflies, you may contend to the full degree of your capacities, however you may not chase down your rivals or obliterate their food or deny them access to food. At the end of the day, you may contend, yet you may not take up arms. This morals is disregarded at each point by experts of extremist agribusiness? (Story of B 260). I will allude to the clients of Totalitarian Agriculture as OUR way of life since we as a whole practice a similar kind of way of life concerning agribusiness. In this paper, I will introduce the contentions against Totalitarian Agriculture, and furthermore talk about its possible effect in the earth in years to come. Starting points of Totalitarian Agriculture People showed up on this planet a huge number of years prior and in the end framed into clans. They carried on with the life of tracker finders and thrived at it, despite the fact that not to our principles of populace blast, however they flourished regardless. The number of inhabitants in people consistently developed at a quiet rate, ?by and large, our populace was multiplying each nineteen thousand years. That is moderate - frigidly moderate? (The Story of B 288). At that point something occurred. In the locale of land between the Tigris and Euphrates waterways in what is currently antiquated Mesopotamia, and agrarian upset was begun bringing the act of Totalitarian Agriculture. The human populace began to develop at an exponential rate. This is the start of our way of life, 10,000 years back. Why authoritarian agribusiness? You got me. It is extremely difficult to thump Totalitarian Agriculture since it is the establishment of our way of life and the food of our lives. In the event that Totalitarian Agriculture were to vanish tomorrow, at that point our way of life would be demolished by starvation. This isn't so for the staying innate people groups of the world. They are completely well equipped for making due on their own only equivalent to people have been since there were people. Contemplating this further made me consider the explanations behind embracing this training. Our way of life works on attempting to develop and deliver food, locking it up, and afterward constraining individuals to pay to get it. before the agrarian upheaval 10,000 years back, people had been living effectively as tracker finders for a hundred thousand years, so approached myself what was the purpose behind this abrupt psyche change to the act of Totalitarian Agriculture? One answer is because of the tremendous measures of food surpluses that are made with authoritarian agribusiness. This is a piece of the response to the following purpose behind authoritarian agribusiness, which is force and development. The originators of extremist farming idea that their approach to live was the one right route for all people to live. These tremendous surpluses of food empowered this culture to venture into encompassing regions close to the Tigris and Euphrates streams, and use power to take the land from innate people groups. So now, the primary ages of our way of life putting food carefully guarded, could extend their domains and utilize the recently procured land for, prepare to have your mind blown. Additional cultivating and farming development! Astonishing how that functions right? Put food safely secured, use surpluses to help venture into encompassing regions, and convert it into farmland to build your way of life significantly further. This culture was extended to such an extent that it turned into the way of life that every one of us partook in today. The entirety of this equivalents development at an exponential rate. Why not authoritarian farming? Authoritarian farming is against the laws of nature. Without a doubt it isn't inside the laws of nature to chase down your rivals and pulverize them just as their entrance to food. The normal request of things in nature with regards to food rivalry is actually that: contend, yet don't take up arms. The very idea of authoritarian agribusiness is to have profitability as far as possible, which at that point produces food surpluses as far as possible. By one way or another we got the possibility that

Cadbury The Worlds Second Largest Confectionery Company Marketing Essay

Cadbury The Worlds Second Largest Confectionery Company Marketing Essay Cadbury, which is the universes second biggest ice cream parlor organization, the second biggest biting gum organization, the third biggest soda pops organization, is likewise the main organization that has a chocolate, candy and gum items, is a main an enormous, developing, brand-drove industry. It has an incredible pieces of the pie and has numerous genuine customers, however it has additionally a various of contenders, for example, Altria Group, Nestle, Hershey, Ferrero, Unilever, etc. Cadbury Company produces advertises and conveys ice cream parlor (chocolate, sugar, desserts, biting gum, and so forth.) and drink items. To the contenders, Philippe Morris that is the universes biggest bundled food organizations. Settle is the universes biggest food maker, and Nestle is acclaimed for creating moment espresso and chocolate bars. As of now has for the neighborhood market and culture-rich items, for example, Chocolate and candy, filtered water, refreshments and dried milk. Hershey is the biggest chocolate and candy producer in the North America. Ferrero Group is the universes fourth biggest chocolate producer. Unilever Group is the universes second-biggest purchaser items producer. Unilever works the accompanying two significant item zones: food and family and individual consideration items. Along these lines, other than Cadbury, Philippe Morris, Nestle, Hershey, Ferrero additionally produce treats and chocolate and a few organizations scale is bigger than Cadbury. That it is an incredible threaten to Cadbury and they are the immediate contenders to Cadbury also. And all worldwide treats and chocolate endeavor assume an extraordinary job in the market fight in battle for business sectors. Contending highlights and upper hands Ventures partaking in advertise rivalry is established by righteousness of capital and its serious attributes of the undertaking (Piccolo, 2008). Organizations must make a contrast between rivals so as to get by in a strong situation in the market of furious rivalry (Regan, 2008). Be that as it may, any of the qualities or conditions isn't for eternity. In this way, we should keep on creating inventive serious highlights. In todays society, rivalry has following significant qualities: First, the development of the extent of rivalry, principally including: 1) the broadening of the principle rivalry. With the financial globalization, it will additionally advance the social division of work, prompting the broadening example of rivalry. 2) The globalization of nearby rivalry. Financial coordination and exchange advancement has diminished the nation or local restrictions of globalization towards the bearing of advancing rivalry. 3) Competition content assorted variety. Current rivalry not just remain in the opposition for the market and clients, and further stretched out to innovation, data, work force and even key accomplices, for example, staggered rivalry. Second, changes in rivalry mode, chiefly: 1) the point of contending has transformed from the piece of the pie to vie for client unwaveringness. With expanded rivalry force, piece of the pie is hard to support client reliability as rivalry objectives; 2) the center highlights of rivalry shifts from rivalry to process rivalry, some portion of the improvement of rivalry into the framework from the opposition; 3) the method of contending changes from seriously cost non-value rivalry. The conventional method of value rivalry is hard to adjust to these changes. Data innovation decreases client search and exchange costs, scaled down administrations, financial globalization, national contrasts in the costs of the viability of value rivalry; 4) the relationship is turning out to be participating and battles against one another. Just by setting up key unions with contenders to frame both the association among rivalry and collaboration, seek after win-win serious impacts, can just better addre ss client issues, powerful reaction to the serious condition, serious targets of endeavors. Third the advancement of rivalry implies. 1) Conversion from obvious to imperceptible. With the innovation and offices improving, the seriousness of endeavors movements to the utilization of present day data innovation, joining, utilitarian redesign, heading to improve proficiency of activity with data innovation. 2) Competition moved from a solitary rivalry to compound rivalry. The worldwide coordinations advertise, rivalry, the one of a kind method of rivalry implies is troublesome both to get and keep up upper hand and fulfill client needs for decent variety in complex, indicating an assortment of deals advancement and use, administrations, cost and advancement blend of the compound assortment of rivalry implies rivalry situation;3) Reliance from on the inward solidarity to both the inside qualities and outer assets. However, in the face a wide range of exchange hindrances and market get to limitations, organizations basically is hard to contend successfully with righteousness of its own assets, just a coordinated utilization of financial, mental, political and advertising among different elements, with the administration, affiliations, the media and general society, and so forth the development of interior qualities and outer powers cooperate to beat the market and wild rivalry to win. Under the new time of serious attributes, Cadbury likewise has its own serious highlights that is amazing blend, and alongside Kraft to make a market. Kraft and Cadbury joining has become the universes biggest ice cream parlor organization. Through the merger, it mirrors the reciprocal preferences them two. In the first place, Cadbury could assist Kraft with compensating for impeded in chocolate and biting gum items; Second, in some Kraft, there has not yet arrived at the developing markets, Cadbury has set up a moderately solid dispersion framework. Kraft propelled Cadbury now picking the planning of the procurement can likewise be said about right. From the point of view of the improvement to Cadbury, its current working conditions generally excellent, however restricted by organization size, advancement bottlenecks experienced. So by combining, Cadbury will have a more promising time to come. Another sort of item and its objective market In the wake of joining with KFT, another sort of item will be misused, this is pecan candy. To begin with, the fundamental crude material of pecan is nut, which is a nut organic product. It has numerous impacts. For instance, Walnut nutritious are plentiful in protein, fat, minerals and nutrients, fat containing tile corrosive and progressively dietary benefit, just as nutrients B and E, which could forestall cell maturing, improve memory and discharge maturing. Pecans additionally contain unique nutrient fixings, not exclusively didn't expand cholesterol, yet in addition lessen the intestinal assimilation of cholesterol for atherosclerosis, hypertension and coronary illness human utilization. Pecans contain linolenic corrosive and calcium, phosphorus, iron, the bodys skin magnificence perfect operator, standard utilization of a benefit the skin, hair Ukraine, and have rashly white hair, and misfortune avoidance capacities. Pecans additionally contain many follow components required by the body, which are significant restrictive embellishments. At the point when you feel tired, bite more pecan, effortlessly weakness and stress. Along these lines, if through a unique procedure, nuts can be made the pecan sugar, that it not exclusively can assume the job of medicinal services items, yet additionally an expansive market. This is the pecan candy birth. Since pecan candy is another item to many individuals, so as to more readily advance their items, to discover more noteworthy and progressively broad market, decide the objective market is especially significant. Target showcase is the essential beginning stage of territorial promoting. Examination and handle the local showcasing framework, subsystem from its objective market started to take advertising or target promoting situating of reasoning. Deciding the objective market must be searching for both interest in the market and steady with its assets and points of interest of the objective market fragments. Clients need is to have the option to react to client prerequisites, and meet the clients wants and needs, and can see more remote than the clients, to discover and meet with clients and the solicitation, so the key is to address the issues of the client superior to contenders; incorporated showcasing is that the organization should serve clients in all areas premiums, all parts must be composed takeoff from the Customer Perspective; income ability alludes to ventures rely upon more than contenders to more readily address client issue to make a benefit. The primary standard of choosing objective market is that the market should request, if there is no genuine market request or potential interest, it can not be chosen as the objective market. Not for the organization to choose what conditions should it do, however as indicated by the social needs of the market to choose what to do. Second significant standard of choosing the objective market is that: to utilize their own current assets, stay away from shortcomings, searching for their qualities target advertise. Numerous undertakings concentrates just on advertise request, paying little heed to their condition broadening, it is hazardous. Third rule of choosing objective market is to focus on discover the edge of target markets. All in all, each organization has its own ownership of the innovation, assets and working conditions and it assume an alternate job in promoting framework. So the undertaking should treat showcase open door as a key factor in the advertising determination. However, to the outer venture, it is hard to track down such possibilities. Indeed, even as savage rivalry among peers, with the goal that advertise openings in specific segments lost or reduced open doors for effectiveness, we can not indiscriminately go outside the business to discover the objective market. In this way, the limit between the business and exchange office, there will be a vacuum, as a rule called the edge of market openings. Edge of market openings from one viewpoint some compa

Eastern Long Lions vs. Yuen Long FC Match Report

Eastern Long Lions vs. Yuen Long FC Match Report Causeway Bay, Hong Kong â€" You don’t end up at a Hong Kong Premier League match by accident. There is no place to purchase match tickets online, and when you call the league’s ticketing office it comes back as a wrong number. Maybe you dialed it in wrong. To get to Hong Kong stadium requires a bus, two trips on the MTR, a cable car ride (more aptly named by the locals as a “ding ding” for its signature bells upon arrival at each stop), and a winding 15 minute walk that is often poorly lit. Even when you get to the stadium it isn’t immediately apparent that two professional soccer teams are about to square off on a brisk Wednesday evening. Because, while the floodlights beam down from the Wembley-inspired half domes onto a neatly trimmed football pitch, the 40,000 seat arena contains no more than 2,000 Premiership fanatics. Hong Kong Stadiums famous arches A look at the raucous crowd 15 minutes before kickoff The American sports experience I’d grown accustomed to is highly commercialized. It’s a multi-billion dollar a year industry, filled with commercials, sponsorships, and corporate suites. Even Silicon Valley has now taken a vested interest in developing technology that innovates both athletic performance and the fan experience. I could go on. Don’t get me wrong, I love American sports. I grew up on them, made some of my best friends through them, and have even strongly considered a career in the industry. I really do love and appreciate their contribution to American culture. But while there are plenty of diehard fans and goosebumps-raising moments to be found at home, there was something refreshing about this soccer match I had sought out in the middle of a busy night in Causeway Bay. Basic research turned up that players on the pitch had played in Brazil, Spain, Tukey, Iran, England, and many other far-off lands and lower level divisions of the soccer world. They were not there for the salary or the fame, clearly. Perhaps they were holding onto a dream; using sports as an outlet to see the world, or escaping problems back home. Regardless, in one way or another, all were there for the love of the beautiful game. The fans were no different. An enthusiastic supporters section consisted of roughly two dozen Long Lion’s faithful ranging from (again, roughly) ages 8 to 68. They chanted and belted out their team’s songs from pre-match to through the final whistle. Watching and participating with the supporters was almost as exciting as the match itself. Some of the two dozen or so loyal Long Lions supporters The Long Lions ended up pulling out a 3-2 barnburner of a match, and everyone made their way home happy that night. Personally, I had attended one of the best sporting events of my life. It was a unique, pure energy that I hadn’t yet experienced in professional sports. No matter where you go, games will sprout up to entertain and provide respite for fans and participants alike. I’ll be at the Kitchee SC match in Mong Kok this upcoming Wednesday. Talk soon. Steven Class of 2019 I’m from New Canaan, Connecticut. I'm studying Management Entrepreneurship in the Gies College of Business and Political Science in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.

Calculating the Relative Standard Deviation

Fourth Grade School Supplies List

In the fourth grade, students begin to establish a foundation for developing research skills, writing skills, and critical reading skills. The supplies listed here are typical of the tools students will use to learn fourth grade skills. As always, you should check with your teacher to determine the specific supplies youll need. No. 2 Pencils Students will go through many pencils and erasers in the fourth grade, so it is important to keep a full supply in the home.Eraser packs Dont be caught unprepared!Planner Time management skills are important for success in the fourth grade, as students often find homework assignments require a bit more organization and planning than ever before.Colored pocket folders Teachers often require separate folders for individual subjects.Binder In the fourth grade, subjects may be separated in a binder. Some teachers encourage students to keep time management aids in binders.Wide-ruled paper This type of paper is often required for essay assignments.Highlighters Students begin to use highlighters to mark important information on study sheets and notes.Red pens In the fourth grade, students may start to switch papers for grading. Red pens and pencils are used for grading other students assignments.Pencil box Its important to stay organized.Backpack Many schools require students to use clear backpacks.Pencil sharpener Youll need one for test day!Bookmarks Youll be reading more advanced books.Colored pencils Students begin to study geography in the fourth grade in much greater detail. Colored pencils will be used for maps and other projects.Ruler Students begin to work with graphs in the fourth grade. Geometry is also a subject students will explore in some depth.Flashcards Students begin to learn concepts in math such as order of operations. It is important for students to fully memorize multiplication tables.

The Crystal Shard 26. Rights of Victory Free Essays

Wulfgar leaned back in his chair at the head of the main table in the hastily constructed Mead Hall, his foot tapping nervously at the long delays necessitated by the demands of proper tradition. He felt that his people should already be on the move, but it was the restoration of the traditional ceremonies and celebrations that had immediately separated, and placed him above, the tyrant Heafstaag in the eyes of the skeptical and ever-suspicious barbarians. Wulfgar, after all, had walked into their midst after a five year absence and challenged their long-standing king. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crystal Shard 26. Rights of Victory or any similar topic only for you Order Now One day later, he had won the crown, and the day after that, he had been coronated King Wulfgar of the Tribe of the Elk. And he was determined that his reign, short though he intended it to be, would not be marked by the threats and bullying tactics of his predecessor’s. He would ask the warriors of the assembled tribes to follow him into battle, not command them, for he knew that a barbarian warrior was a man driven almost exclusively by fierce pride. Stripped of their dignity, as Heafstaag had done by refusing to honor the sovereignty of each individual king, the tribesmen were no better in battle than ordinary men. Wulfgar knew that they would need to regain their proud edge if they were to have any chance at all against the wizard’s overwhelming numbers. Thus Hengorot, the Mead Hall, had been raised and the Challenge of the Song initiated for the first time in nearly five years. It was a short, happy time of good-natured competition between tribes who had been suffocated under Heafstaag’s unrelenting domination. The decision to raise the deerskin hall had been difficult for Wulfgar. Assuming that he still had time before Kessell’s army struck, he had weighed the benefits of regaining tradition against the pressing need of haste. He only hoped that in the frenzy of pre-battle preparations, Kessell would overlook the absence of the barbarian king, Heafstaag. If the wizard was at all sharp, it wasn’t likely. Now he waited quietly and patiently, watching the fires return to the eyes of the tribesmen. â€Å"Like old times?† Revjak asked, sitting next to him. â€Å"Good times,† Wulfgar responded. Satisfied, Revjak leaned back against the tent’s deerskin wall, granting the new chief the solitude he obviously desired. And Wulfgar resumed his wait, seeking the best moment to unveil his proposition. At the far end of the hall, an axe-throwing competition was beginning. Similar to the tactics Heafstaag and Beorg had used to seal a pact between the tribes at the last Hengorot, the challenge was to hurl an axe from as great a distance as possible and sink it deeply enough into a keg of mead to open a hole. The number of mugs that could be filled from the effort within a specified count determined the success of the throw. Wulfgar saw his chance. He leaped from his stool and demanded, by rights of being the host, the first throw. The man who had been selected to judge the challenge acknowledged Wulfgar’s right and invited him to come down to the first selected distance. â€Å"From here,† Wulfgar said, hoisting Aegis-fang to his shoulder. Murmurs of disbelief and excitement arose from all corners of the hall. The use of a warhammer in such a challenge was unprecedented, but none complained or cited rules. Every man who had heard the tales, but not witnessed firsthand the splitting of Heafstaag’s great axe, was anxious to see the weapon in action. A keg of mead was placed upon a stool at the back end of the hall. â€Å"Another behind it!† Wulfgar demanded. â€Å"And another behind that.† His concentration narrowed on the task at hand, and he didn’t take the time to sort out the whispers he heard all around him. The kegs were readied, and the crowd backed out of the young king’s line of sight. Wulfgar grasped Aegis-fang tightly in his hands and sucked in a great breath, holding it in to keep himself steady. The unbelieving onlookers watched in amazement as the new king exploded into movement, hurling the mighty hammer with a fluid motion and strength unmatched among their ranks. Aegis-fang tumbled, head over handle, the length of the long hall, blasting through the first keg, and then the second and beyond, taking out not only the three targets and their stools, but continuing on to tear a hole in the back of the Mead Hall. The closest warriors hurried to the opening to watch the remainder of its flight, but the hammer had disappeared into the night. They started out to retrieve it. But Wulfgar stopped them. He sprang onto the table, lifting his arms before him. â€Å"Hear me, warriors of the northern plains!† he cried. Their mouths already agape at the unprecedented feat, some fell to their knees when Aegis-fang suddenly reappeared in the young king’s hands. â€Å"I am Wulfgar, son of Beornegar and King of the Tribe of the Elk! Yet I speak to you now not as your king but as a kindred warrior, horrified at the dishonor Heafstaag tried to place upon us all!† Spurred on by the knowledge that he had gained their attention and respect, and by the confirmation that his assumptions of their true desires had not been in error, Wulfgar seized the moment. These people had cried out for deliverance from the tyrannical reign of the one-eyed king and, beaten almost to extinction in their last campaign and now about to fight beside goblins and giants, they longed for a hero to gain them back their lost pride. â€Å"I am the dragonslayer!† he continued. â€Å"And by right of victory I possess the treasures of Icingdeath.† Again the private conversations interrupted him, for the now unguarded treasure had become a subject for debate. Wulfgar let them continue their gossip for a long moment to heighten their interest in the dragon’s gold. When they finally quieted, he went on. â€Å"The tribes of the tundra do not fight in a common cause with goblins and giants!† he decreed to rousing shouts of approval. â€Å"We fight against them!† The crowd suddenly hushed. A guard rushed into the tent, but did not dare interrupt the new king. â€Å"I leave with the dawn for Ten-Towns,† Wulfgar stated. â€Å"I shall battle against the wizard Kessell and the foul horde he has pulled from the holes of The Spine of the World!† The crowd did not respond. They accepted the notion of battle against Kessell eagerly, but the thought of returning to Ten-Towns to help the people who had nearly destroyed them five years before had never occurred to them. But the guard now intervened. â€Å"I fear that your quest shall be in vain, young king,† he said. Wulfgar turned a distressed eye upon the man, guessing the news he bore. â€Å"The smoke clouds from great fires are even now rising above the southern plain.† Wulfgar considered the distressing news. He had thought that he would have more time. â€Å"Then I shall leave tonight!† he roared at the stunned assembly. â€Å"Come with me, my friends, my fellow warriors of the north! I shall show you the path to the lost glories of our past!† The crowd seemed torn and uncertain. Wulfgar played his final card. â€Å"To any man who will go with me, or to his surviving kin if he should fall, I offer an equal share of the dragon’s treasure!† He had swept in like a mighty squall off the Sea of Moving Ice. He had captured the imagination and heart of every barbarian warrior and had promised them a return to the wealth and glory of their brightest days. That very night, Wulfgar’s mercenary army charged out of their encampment and thundered across the open plain. Not a single man remained behind. How to cite The Crystal Shard 26. Rights of Victory, Essay examples

Certificate in the Principles of Dementia Care free essay sample

Explain what is meant by the term dementia Dementia is a broad term used to describe the symptoms that occur when the brain is affected by specific diseases and conditions. Dementia is a progressive disease and the symptoms will get gradually worse. | Q2. Describe how dementia can affect a person if the following areas of the brain are damaged by dementia. Area of Brain| How damage to this area might affect a person with dementia| Frontal lobe| * Inability to plan a sequence of complex movements * Loss of spontaneity in interacting with others * Loss of flexibility in thinking * Persistence of a single thought * Inability to focus on a task * Mood changes * Changes in social behaviour * Changes in personality * Difficulty with problem solving * Inability to express language| Parietal lobe| * Inability to attend to more than one object at a time * Inability to name an object * Problems with reading, writing and drawing * Difficulty in distinguishing left from right * Difficulty with doing mathematics * Lack of awareness of certain body parts and/or surrounding space that can lead to difficulties in self-care * Difficulties with eye and hand coordination| Temporal lobe| * Difficulty in recognising familiar faces * Difficulty in understanding spoken words * Difficulty with identification of, and verbalization about objects * Short term memory loss * Interference with long term memory * Increased and decreased interest in sexual behaviour * Inability to categorise objects * Right lobe damage can cause persistent talking * Increased aggressive behaviour| Occipital lobe| * Defects in vision * Difficulty with locating objects in environment * Difficulty with identifying colours * Hallucinations * Visual agnosia * Difficulties with reading and writing| Cerebellum| * Loss of ability to coordinate fine movements * Loss of ability to walk * Inability to reach out and grab objects * Tremors * Vertigo * Slurred speech| Q3. Explain how the following may be mistaken for dementia: a) DepressionDepression is a condition which is caused by chemical imbalances in the brain. Some of the symptoms common to both Alzheimers and depression include: * Loss of interest in once-enjoyable activities and hobbies * Social withdrawal * Memory problems * Sleeping too much or too little * Impaired concentrationb) DeliriumDelirium (also known as acute confusional state) is a medical condition that results in confusion and other disruptions in thinking and behaviour, including changes in perception, attention, mood and activity level. ) Age related memory impairmentAge related memory impairment is a natural part of the ageing process. as people get older, changes occur in all parts of the body, including the brain. As a result, some people may notice that it takes longer to learn new things, they dont remember information as well as they did, or they lose things like their keys or spectacles. | Q4. Give an outline of the following models of dementia. a) The medical model of dementia. The medical model views dementia as a clinical syndrome which is characterised by cognitive impairment about which nothing can be done. it focuses on the disease and places importance on treating the disease rather than the person. It focuses on the impairment as the problem. This model seeks to create dependency, restrict choice, disempower, devalue and reinforce stereotypes. The social model of dementia. The social model of dementia focuses on the individual, rather than the disease. It seeks to ensure the persons skills, capabilities and achievements are retained. The social model of care seeks to understand the emotions and behaviours of the person with dementia by placing him or her in the context of his or her social circumstances and biography. By learning about each person with dementia as an individual, with his or her own history and background, care and support can be designed to be more appropriate to individual needs. | Q5. Explain why it is important to see dementia as a disability. Often when we think of disability we think about people who are physically disabled, for example we might think about a person who is unable to walk. Dementia however can also be very disabling because the damage to a person’s brain prevents them from doing things they were once able to do. The Equality Act 2010 says that a person has a disability if:†¢ They have a physical or mental impairment†¢ The impairment has a substantial and long-term adverse effect on their ability to perform normal day-to-day activities. So, under the Equality Act a person who is living with dementia is recognised as having a disability. Having dementia can affect many different areas of functioning. A person with dementia may experience:†¢ Emotional impairment†¢ Physical impairment†¢ Difficulty maintaining relationships†¢ Difficulty maintaining functions of daily living†¢ Communication difficulties. Seeing dementia as a form of disability challenges care workers to adapt their care approach. As with any disability, care workers can work with and around the difficulties and compensate for them in other areas thus preventing further disability. | Q6. List the four most common causes of dementia 1. Alzheimers disease2. Vascular dementia3. Dementia with Lewy Bodies4. Fronto-temporal dementia| Q7. Describe the signs and symptoms associated with the four most common causes of dementia 1. In the early stages, the person may be mildly forgetful with lapses of memory, difficulty in finding the right words for everyday objects or mood swings. As Alzheimers progresses, the person may routinely forget recent events, names and faces and have difficulty in understanding what is being said. The person may become confused when handling money and undergo personality changes, appearing to no longer care about those around them. Swings are common and the person may become tearful for no apparent reason, or become convinced that someone is trying to harm them. In advanced cases people may also adopt unsettling behaviour like getting up in the middle of the night or wander off and become lost. Some people lose their inhibitions and sense of what is acceptable behaviour, undress in public or make inappropriate sexual advances. The person may become incontinent, have difficulty eating and drinking and may become completely dependent on others. 2. Symptoms usually develop suddenly and progress in a step like way where a sudden worsening is followed by a period of stabilisation. Common symptoms include poor concentration and difficulties with communication. memory loss may also lead to confusion. As vascular dementia does not affect all of the brain, the individual may be able to retain more of their abilities and memory loss may not appear until later in the progression of the disease. This means that the individual may be more aware of their deteriorating health and may therefore be more at risk of depression. 3. Dementia with Lewy Bodies is a progressive disease and individuals may experience: * Problems with attention and alertness * Problems with spatial disorientation * Difficulty with executive function, which includes difficulty in planning ahead and coordinating mental activities * Muscle stiffness * Trembling of the limbs * A tendency to shuffle when walking * Loss of facial expression * Changes in the strength and tone of the voice * Hallucinations4. Typically, during the initial stages of Fronto-temporal dementia, the persons memory is still intact but their personality and their behaviour changes. People with Fronto-temporal dementia may: * Lack insight, and lose the ability to empathise with others. This can make them appear selfish and unfeeling * Become extrovert when they were previously introverted, or withdrawn when they were previously outgoing * Behave inappropriately for example: making tactless comments, joking at the wrong moments or being rude * Lose their inhibitions for example: exhibiting sexual behaviour in public * Become aggressive * Be easily distracted * Develop routines for example: compulsive rituals| Q8. Outline five factors that could increase the risk of developing one of the four different types of dementia 1. Age is the most significant known risk factor for dementia. the chances of developing dementia increase with age, however, dementia is not a normal part of the ageing process. 2. Gender can play a role as women have a slightly increased risk of developing Alzheimers disease. Vascular dementia on the other hand is more common in men. 3. Genetics. People with a family history of dementia are at greater risk of developing it. 4. Medical history. Specific medical conditions can increase a persons chances of developing dementia. These include conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Huntingtons Disease, Downs Syndrome, and HIV. Conditions that affect the heart, arteries or blood circulation can particularly increase the risk of a person developing vascular dementia. People who suffer severe or repeated trauma to the head are at a increased risk of developing dementia. 5. Environment and Lifestyle. A persons lifestyle choices can affect their chances of developing dementia. This includes a unhealthy diet, high in saturated fats, smoking, excessive alcohol, lack of physical activity or exposure to high amounts of aluminium. | Q9. Identify the prevalence rates for five types of dementia. There are currently 800,000 people with dementia in the UKThis equates to:Alzheimers disease = 62% 496,000Vascular dementia = 17% 136,000Mixed dementia = 10% 80,000Dementia with Lewy Bodies 4% 32,000Fronto-temporal dementia = 2% 16,000| Q10. Describe how the following factors can affect an individuals experience of dementia a) AgeBeing diagnosed with dementia at any age can be devastating, but particularly for people that are diagnosed at a younger age. Although the symptoms of dementia are similar whatever a persons age, younger people with dementia may have different needs for example: * Dependent children * Be in work at the time of diagnosis * Have financial commitments, such as a mortgage * Find it more difficult to rationalise losing skills at a young age * Find it more difficult to access information and supportb) Type of dementiaAlzheimers is a gradually progressive form of dementia. Over time the person may lose more of their everyday skills and abilities and may eventually be unable to perform the simplest of everyday tasks without encouragement, support and supervision. Vascular dementia tends to affect only specific areas of the brain. his means the individual may be able to retain more of their abilities and memory loss may not appear until later in the progression of the disease. This means that the individual may be more aware of their deteriorating health, and may therefore be at risk of depression. People with Front o-temporal lobe dementia tend to be less forgetful than people who have Alzheimers disease. Their memory tends to remain intact but their personality and behaviour noticeably changes. Dementia with Lewy Bodies interrupts the brains normal functioning and affects the persons memory, concentration and speech skills. It has similar symptoms to Parkinsons disease such as tremors, slowness of movement and speech difficulties. | Q11. What effect can negative attitudes have on a person with dementia? Negative attitudes can only serve to further disable people by:Forcing compliancePatronising themStigmatisationNot acknowledging their experiences or feelingsExclusionDenying choiceFailing to promote independenceHumiliating them and failing to promote their self-esteem| Q12. What effect can positive attitudes have on a person with dementia? Positive attitudes are empowering, enabling and can help people with dementia feel good about themselves through feeling valued and respected and being given consideration to their perspective, feelings, emotions and choices. | Unit 2. Q1. Describe what is meant by a person centred approach to dementia care. Person-centred care places the person, and not their dementia, at the centre of their care. The needs and emotions of each individual are the focal point around which everything else is geared. Person-centred care is based on the principles of holistic care. This means that it considers the whole person, meeting the persons whole needs, and not just their physical needs. These needs include love, comfort, identity, occupation, inclusion and attachment. We all share these needs but people with dementia require greater support from others in order to meet them. | Q2. Outline the benefits of working in a person-centred way for the individual, staff and the organisation. Individual * Promotes autonomy * Promotes choice * Builds a relationship which is based on trust and respect * Provides a sense of hope * Acknowledges recognition of the individual * Enables remaining abilities to be used * Gives the individual a sense of purpose * Empowers the individual * Improved sense of well-being * Promotes a positive healthcare experience * Reduces levels of anxietyStaff * Staff members are more comfortable caring for people they know * They form a strong partnership with individuals and their families * They know a persons preferences, can anticipate a persons needs and can adapt care accordingly * Staff are highly valued in person-centred care organisations * They work more efficiently in person-centred care environments and can devote time where it is most needed. Organisation * The organisation is likely to have better quality outcomes due to the ability of staff to identify and respond appropriately to changes in service users condition * The organisation is likely to gain referrals from people who have a good experience and recommend the care setting to others as a place of care * The organisation is likely to have better staff retention due to a strong relationship between staff and service users. | Q3. Describe the role that carers can have in the care and support of people who have dementia A carers role includes helping the person with some or all of the activities of daily living, from intimate personal care to housework; supporting the person in meaningful occupation; providing constant reassurance where the person fears being alone; helping with, or managing, financial and legal matters; providing emotional, and many other, forms of support. Caring and supporting for someone with dementia involves dealing with a lot of change and can be stressful. It can take time to adapt as carers face changes around roles, work, finances and lifestyle. | Q4. Explain the benefits of developing a personal relationship with carers. Developing working relationships with carers has many benefits, including: * Increased cooperation * Mutual respect * Coordinated services * Trust * Improved communication * Willingness to exchange and share information relating to the individual * Consistent approach to care * Reduced likelihood of stress * And improvements in sense of well-being| Q5. Describe the roles of ten types of health and social care professionals who may be involved in the support of people with dementia 1. Neurologists are specialist doctors, who specialise in nervous system disorders, including conditions of the brain. 2. Geriatricians are doctors who specialise in the care of older people3. Clinical psychologists are specialists in the behavioural and mental functions of the brain4. Nurses work with people who have dementia and those who care for them in a variety of roles5. Physiotherapists can advise on exercise for people at all stages of dementia. They can also advise carers on safe ways of helping someone to move. 6. Speech and language therapists can advise someone with dementia, and their carer, on ways of communicating more effectively and on relieving any swallowing difficulties. 7. Domiciliary carers, also known as home carers, provide care in the individuals own home. it involves help with personal care and household tasks for the frail or those with long term care needs. Domiciliary care makes it possible for service users to remain in their own home, rather than use residential or nursing care homes, enabling them to maintain comfort and personal independence within their local community. 8. Day care provides care for a person during the day. it is provided away from the persons home and transport is usually arranged as part of the service. Day care offers benefits, both to the person that receives it, and to any carers who look after them. 9. District or community nurses are members of the primary care team. They have extra training and provide advice and care for people at home and carry out various tests and assessments. 10. Independent Advocates provide important support to individuals who may need or want help in speaking up, getting involved in their own care or accessing services. | Q6. Give three examples to explain when it might be necessary to refer to others when supporting individuals with dementia 1. Being unable to meet the needs of the person with dementia2. The individuals condition deteriorates3. The carers physical and mental health is at risk. | Q7. Explain how you could access additional support from other agencies when supporting individuals who have dementia. Information on what is available locally can usually be obtained from the individuals G. P. or their local authority Social Services department. Local authority Social Services departments are the main providers of care and support services. If a person with dementia or there carer is in need of support they should contact the local social services department to explain. The department will then carry out an assessment of the persons needs and identify what services should be appropriate to meet those needs. this is known as a community care assessment.